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10楼#
发布于：2004-10-28 16:18
<P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword(s)> </B>roads, railroads, rivers, lakes, streams, utility networks, airports, elevation contours, coastlines, international boundaries, populated places, geographic names<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword type code></B>2<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Access constraints></B>none<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Use constraints></B>Cite Defense Mapping Agency<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Lineage statement></B><B> </B>The primary source for the database is the Defense Mapping Agency's (DMA) Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) series.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Qualitative narrative report></B>100% of attribute codes were reviewed against the source manuscripts<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Spatial representation type code></B>2<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Spatial reference system type code></B>2<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Distribution identifier></B>DCWXXXPACK<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Distribution format name></B>Vector Product Format<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Distribution media></B>CD-ROM<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Level of conformance code></B>1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Language of metadata code></B>en<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Metadata date></B>19971130<p></p></P><P><B>Example 2 -- Metadata for a vector dataset <p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>provided at conformance level 2<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Language of dataset code></B>en<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Abstract> </B>The Digital Chart of the World is a comprehensive 1:1,000,000 scale vector basemap of the world. It consists of cartographic, attribute, and textual data stored on compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM). The primary source for the database is the Defense Mapping Agency's (DMA) Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) series. This is the largest scale unclassified map series in existence that provides consistent, continuous global coverage of essential basemap features. The database contains more than 1,500 megabytes of vector data and is organized into 17 thematic layers. The data includes major road and rail networks, major hydrologic drainage systems, major utility networks (cross-country pipelines and communication lines), all major airports, elevation contours (1000 foot(ft), with 500ft and 250ft supplemental contours), oastlines, international boundaries and populated places. The DCW also has an index of geographic names to aid in locating areas of interest. The database can be accessed directly from the four optical CD-ROMs that store the database or can be transferred to a magnetic media.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Purpose> </B>The Digital Chart of the World is a general purpose global database designed to support Geographic Information Systems applications.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Identification citation</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Title</B>>Digital Chart of the World<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Alternate title</B>>DCW<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Citation responsible party information</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party organisation name</B>>Defense Mapping Agency<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party role code</B>>1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party address</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Postal address></B>8613 Lee Highway<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>City></B>Fairfax<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Administrative area</B>>Virginia<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Postal code</B>>22031<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Country</B>>US<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party organisation name</B>>National Imagery and
Mapping Agency<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party role code</B>>3<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party address</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Postal address></B>4600 Sangamore Rd.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>City></B>Bethesda<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Administrative Area></B>Maryland<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Postal Code></B>20816-5003<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Country</B>>US<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>On-line resource linkage ></B>http://www.nima.mil<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Reference date</B>>199208<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Reference date type</B>>publication date<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Presentation form code</B>>6<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Status:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Progress code></B>1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Maintenance information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Maintenance ; update frequency code></B>6<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Dataset extent:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Geographic extent coordinates:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>West bounding coordinate></B><B>-</B>180.0<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>East bounding coordinate></B>180.0<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>North bounding coordinate></B>90.0<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>South bounding coordinate></B>-90.0<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Identification extent information</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Temporal extent:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Temporal extent date/time</B>>199208<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Temporal extent date/time description</B>>2<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Resolution level code></B>0<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Category:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>2<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>3<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>5<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>8<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>10<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>18<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword(s)> </B>roads, railroads, rivers, lakes, streams, utility networks, airports, elevation contours, coastlines, international boundaries, populated places, geographic names<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword type code></B>2<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword(s)</B>>DCW, Global digital database, global coverage, world coverage<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword type code</B>>3<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Primary point of contact><p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party organisation name</B>>National Imagery and Mapping Agency<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party address</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Postal address></B>4600 Sangamore Rd.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>City></B>Bethesda<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Administrative Area></B>Maryland<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Postal Code></B>20816-5003<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Country</B>> US<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>On-line resource linkage ></B>http://www.nima.mil<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Dataset constraints</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Legal constraints</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Access constraints</B>>None<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Use constraints</B>>Cite Defense Mapping Agency<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Security information</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Security classification system</B>>United States Department of Defense<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Security classification</B>>Unclassified<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality assessment</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality report type code></B>22<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Qualitative assessment:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Qualitative narrative report></B>100 percent of attribute codes were reviewed against the source manuscripts<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality assessment</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality report type code></B>8<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Quantitative assessment:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Quantitative report:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Quantitative conformance measure:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Conformance specification></B>MIL-D-89009<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Conformance explanation></B><B> </B>The horizontal positional accuracy value represents overall accuracy. Source chart-specific accuracy's are available as area feature attributes in the DCW data quality coverage. The primary accuracy analysis was performed on one chart only in the prototyping phase of the project. Detailed horizontal accuracy figures were developed by comparing the positions of well-defined points in the roads, railroads, utility lines, and drainage coverage's against sources of higher accuracy, measuring the offsets, and expressing differences as a Circular Map Accuracy figure at a 90% confidence interval. This figure was independently verified by adding known production errors to source chart accuracy's in a root sum square calculation.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Conformance code></B>2<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Quantitative results:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality value domain></B>-2040<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality result></B>meters<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality error statistic term></B>90% circular error<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality assessment</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality report type></B>8<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Quantitative assessment:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Quantitative report:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Quantitative conformance measure:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Conformance specification> </B>MIL-D-89009<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Conformance explanation> </B>Vertical accuracy figures were developed by comparing elevation contour locations on 1:24,000 scale maps to elevation values at the same location within the digital database. Some manual interpolation was necessary to complete this test. The analysis results are expressed as linear error at a 90% confidence interval..<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Conformance code></B>2<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Quantitative results:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality value domain></B>610<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality result></B>meters<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data quality error statistic term></B>90% linear error<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Lineage:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Lineage report:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source description</B>>stable-base material<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source date/time</B>>1974<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source date/time</B>>1991<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source scale denominator</B>>1000000<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source datum</B>>European 1950<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source citation</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Title</B>>Operational Navigational Chart<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Alternate title</B>>ONC<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Citation responsible party</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party organisation name</B>>Defense Mapping Agency<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party role code</B>>1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party address</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>City</B>>St. Louis<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Administrative area</B>>MO<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Country</B>> US<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Reference date</B>>1991112<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Reference date type</B>>publication date<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Presentation form code</B>>1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Process step</B>:<p></p></P> |
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11楼#
发布于：2004-10-28 16:18
<P left" align=left>表5</P><TABLE black 0.75pt outset; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt outset; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt outset; WIDTH: 450pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt outset; mso-cellspacing: .7pt" cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0 width=600 border=1><TR 13.5pt"><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 6%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" vAlign=top width="6%"><P center" align=center>序号<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 13%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" vAlign=top width="13%"><P center" align=center>名称<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 11%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" vAlign=top width="11%"><P center" align=center>标识符<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 21%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" vAlign=top width="21%"><P center" align=center>定义<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 6%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" vAlign=top width="6%"><P center" align=center>性质<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 11%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" vAlign=top width="11%"><P center" align=center>最大出现次数<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 17%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" vAlign=top width="17%"><P center" align=center>数据类型<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 15%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" vAlign=top width="15%"><P center" align=center>值域<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 51.75pt"><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: silver; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 6%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 51.75pt" vAlign=top width="6%"><P center" align=center>1<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: silver; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 13%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 51.75pt" vAlign=top width="13%"><P>编目信息<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: silver; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 11%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 51.75pt" vAlign=top width="11%"><P> <p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: silver; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 21%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 51.75pt" vAlign=top width="21%"><P>唯一标识完整数据集和/或数据集系列的信息<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: silver; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 6%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 51.75pt" vAlign=top width="6%"><P center" align=center>M<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: silver; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 11%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 51.75pt" vAlign=top width="11%"><P center" align=center>1<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: silver; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 17%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 51.75pt" vAlign=top width="17%"><P>元数据子集<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; BACKGROUND: silver; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 15%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 51.75pt" vAlign=top width="15%"><P>序号2－55<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 12.75pt"><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 6%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="6%"><P center" align=center>2<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 13%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="13%"><P>名称<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 11%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="11%"><P> <p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 21%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="21%"><P>数据集名称<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 6%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="6%"><P center" align=center>M<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 11%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="11%"><P center" align=center>1<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 17%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="17%"><P>文本<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 15%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="15%"><P>任意长文字<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 12.75pt"><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 6%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="6%"><P center" align=center>3<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 13%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="13%"><P>版本<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 11%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="11%"><P> <p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 21%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="21%"><P>数据集版本<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 6%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="6%"><P center" align=center>O<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 11%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="11%"><P center" align=center>1<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 17%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="17%"><P>文本<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 15%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 12.75pt" vAlign=top width="15%"><P>任意长文字<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 25.5pt"><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 6%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 25.5pt" vAlign=top width="6%"><P center" align=center>4<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 13%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 25.5pt" vAlign=top width="13%"><P>系列名<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 11%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 25.5pt" vAlign=top width="11%"><P> <p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 21%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 25.5pt" vAlign=top width="21%"><P>数据集所属的系列产品总称<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 6%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 25.5pt" vAlign=top width="6%"><P center" align=center>O<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 11%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 25.5pt" vAlign=top width="11%"><P center" align=center>1<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 17%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 25.5pt" vAlign=top width="17%"><P>文本<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 15%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 25.5pt" vAlign=top width="15%"><P>任意长文字<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 46.5pt"><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 6%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 46.5pt" vAlign=top width="6%"><P center" align=center>5<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 13%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 46.5pt" vAlign=top width="13%"><P>出版标识<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 11%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 46.5pt" vAlign=top width="11%"><P> <p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 21%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 46.5pt" vAlign=top width="21%"><P>数据集所属的系列产品出版标识信息<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 6%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 46.5pt" vAlign=top width="6%"><P center" align=center>O<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 11%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 46.5pt" vAlign=top width="11%"><P center" align=center>1<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 17%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 46.5pt" vAlign=top width="17%"><P>文本<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 15%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 46.5pt" vAlign=top width="15%"><P>任意长文字<p></p></P></TD></TR></TABLE><P left" align=left>目前，该标准工作草案一级元数据包含55个元数据实体和元素,二级元数据的8个子集和3个可重复使用的实体共包括452个实体和元素。</P><P left" align=left>考虑到不同数据集、数据集系列、要素和属性的不同特点，工作草案不但定义了子集、实体和元素的3种性质，即必选、在一定条件下必选和可选，而且提供了扩展的方法和摘录其部分内容的原则与方法。</P><P left" align=left>该标准是迄今最为完整，也最为复杂的标准方案。它的制定，必将影响许多国家的地理信息元数据标准的制定和实施，并进而对全球数据管理与服务产生很大影响。</P><P 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">国际标准化组织ISO作为全球标准的权威机构，对地理数据标准化问题一直比较重视。1994年后期，国际标准化组织面对地理信息数据标准化的趋势，成立了地理信息/地球信息业技术委员会，即ISO/TC 211编号为 15046，用于专门研究和建立一个处理与地球位置有直接或间接关系的地理对象或现象的标准体系，包括数字地球信息的获取、处理、分析、访问表示以及转换的方法、工具和服务体系等内容。该委员会由框架和参考模型（WG 1）、地理空间数据模型和算法(WG 2) 、地理空间数据管理（WG 3）、地理空间服务（WG 4）、以及行业及功能标准（WG 5）5 个工作组组成<SUP>[5]</SUP>。</P><P 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">该标准是至今最完整、也是最为复杂的元数据标准方案。它的制定，必将影响许多国家的地理信息元数据标准的制定和实施，并进而对全球数据管理与服务产生很大的影响<SUP>[6]</SUP>。</P><P left" align=left> <p></p></P><H5 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><A>一、ISO</A>地理信息元数据标准实例</H5><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Example 1- etadata for a vector dataset <p></p></B></P><P><B>provided at conformance level 1</B><B><p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Title></B>Digital Chart of the World<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Reference date></B>199208<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party organisation name></B>Defense Mapping Agency<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party role code></B>1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Postal address></B>8613 Lee Highway<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>City></B>Fairfax<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Administrative Area></B>Virginia<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Postal Code></B>22031<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Country</B>>US<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party organisation name></B>National Imagery and <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Mapping Agency<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Responsible party role code></B>3 <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Postal address></B>4600 Sangamore Rd.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>City></B>Bethesda<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Administrative Area></B>Maryland<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Postal Code></B>20816-5003<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Country</B>>US<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>On-line resource linkage ></B>http://www.nima.mil<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Dataset extent:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Geographic extent coordinates:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>West bounding coordinate> </B>-180.0<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>East bounding coordinate> </B>180.0<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>North bounding coordinate></B><B> </B>90.0<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>South bounding coordinate> </B>-90.0<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Temporal extent date/time></B>199208<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Language of dataset code></B>en<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Abstract></B>The Digital Chart of the World is a comprehensive 1:1,000,000 scale vector basemap of the world. Itconsists of cartographic, attribute, and textual data stored on compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM). The database contains more than 1,500 megabytes of vector data and is organized into 17 thematic layers. The data includes major road and rail networks, major hydrologic drainage systems, major utility networks (cross-country pipelines and communication lines), all major airports, elevation contours (1000 foot(ft), with 500ft and 250ft supplemental contours), coastlines, international boundaries and populated places. The DCW also has an index
of geographic names to aid in locating areas of interest. The database can be accessed directly from the four optical CD-ROMs that store the database or can be transported.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Purpose></B>The Digital Chart of the World is a general purpose global database designed to support Geographic Information Systems applications.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Progress code></B>1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Resolution level code></B>0<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Category:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>2<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>3<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>5<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>8<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>10<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme code></B>18<p></p></P> |
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发布于：2004-10-28 16:18
<H4 0cm 0cm 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><A>2.3.7 ISO/TC211 </A>元数据体系</H4><P>ISO/TC 211成立于1994年，它是在全球信息化浪潮的冲击下发展起来的一个关于地理信息/地球信息业的标准化技术委员会。它的目的是建立一个处理与地球位置有直接或间接关系的地理对象或现象的标准体系，包括数字地理信息的获取、处理、分析、访问、表示以及转换的方法、工具和服务体系。该委员会由框架和参考模型（WG 1）、地理空间数据模型和算法（WG 2）、地理空间数据管理（WG 3）、地理空间服务（WG 4）、以及专用（Profile）标准（WG 5）五个工作组组成。每个工作组又由一定数量的工作小组组成，共有二十个工作小组（另外，影像与格网数据、实用标准两个工作小组正在建立之中），标准的制定工作便由工作小组来完成。元数据属于第三工作组总第15工作小组，即15046-15，它以地理信息的实时性、精度、数据内容和属性、数据来源、价格、图层、以及适用性等为考虑对象。<p></p></P><P>表3.3 ISO/TC 211标准技术委员会<p></p></P><DIV align=center><TABLE 461.25pt; mso-cellspacing: .7pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt" cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0 width=615 border=1><TR 8.25pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 49%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 8.25pt" vAlign=top width="49%"><P> <p></p></P><P>WG 1：框架和参考模型<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 51%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 8.25pt" vAlign=top width="51%"><P>15046-1 参考模型<p></p></P><P>15046-2 综述<p></p></P><P>15046-3 概念模式语言<p></p></P><P>15046-4 术语<p></p></P><P>15046-5 一致性与测试<p></p></P><P>16569 影像与格网数据<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 6pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 49%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 6pt" vAlign=top width="49%"><P> <p></p></P><P>WG 2：地理空间数据模型和算法<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 51%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 6pt" vAlign=top width="51%"><P>15046-7 空间子模式<p></p></P><P>15046-8 时间子模式<p></p></P><P>15046-9 应用模式规则<p></p></P><P>15046-20 空间算法<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 17.25pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 49%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 17.25pt" vAlign=top width="49%"><P> <p></p></P><P>WG 3：地理空间数据管理<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 51%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 17.25pt" vAlign=top width="51%"><P>15046-10 分类<p></p></P><P>15046-11 大地参照系<p></p></P><P>15046-12 间接参照系<p></p></P><P>15046-13 质量<p></p></P><P>15046-14 质量评价过程<p></p></P><P>15046-15 元数据<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 17.25pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 49%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 17.25pt" vAlign=top width="49%"><P>WG 4：地理空间服务<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 51%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 17.25pt" vAlign=top width="51%"><P>15046-16 定位服务<p></p></P><P>15046-17 描绘<p></p></P><P>15046-18 编码<p></p></P><P>15046-19 服务<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 17.25pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 49%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 17.25pt" vAlign=top width="49%"><P>WG 5：专用标准<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 51%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 17.25pt" vAlign=top width="51%"><P>15046-6 专用标准<p></p></P><P>15854 实用标准<p></p></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><P> <p></p></P><P left" align=left>ISO/TC 211自1994年成立以来，就将“地理信息－元数据”作为其首批研制的20个国际标准之一，编号为ISO15046－15。由美国NIMA的David Danko先生担任项目负责人。几年来，参加该项标准研制的第三工作组专家，经过艰苦的努力，于1996年3月完成第一版工作草案 (WD v.1.0)。迄今经过多次修改，先后完成近10个更新版本，今年5月完成最后一版工作草案 (WD v.4.4)，已作为委员会草案 (CD)提交给ISO/TC 211各成员团体征求意见。</P><P left" align=left>该标准以FGDC等现有标准为基础，按照国际标准化组织制定的标准导则要求制定。其工作范围是：</P><P left" align=left>定义说明地理信息和服务所需要的信息。它提供有关数字地理数据标识、覆盖范围、质量、空间和时间模式、空间参照系统和发行等信息。该标准适用于数据集编目、数据交换网络，以及数据集的详尽说明。适用于地理数据集、数据集系列、地理要素和属性。它定义： </P><P left" align=left>必选和一定条件下必选的元数据实体和元素──提供元数据应用、数据发现、决定数据对于应用的适合程度、数据访问、数据转换和数据应用所需要的最少的核心内容； </P><P left" align=left>可选的元数据元素──如果需要，对地理数据的更加详细的标准说明； </P><P left" align=left>为适应特殊需要对元数据进行扩展的方法。 </P><P left" align=left>尽管该标准是用于数字数据的，它的原则也能扩展用于许多其他形式的地理资料，如地图、图表、文本文件等。</P><P left" align=left>该标准的正文内容包括：工作范围、一致性、引用标准、术语和定义、符号 (和缩写词)、元数据要求等。附录包括：A. 元数据特征、B. 元数据模型、C. 元数据扩展和专用标准 (Profile)、D. 元数据的ISO标准相互参照、E. 元数据扩展方法、F. 元数据实施、G. 元数
据的等级、H. 实施示例、J. 参考文献。 </P><P left" align=left>标准确定了两级元数据，即： </P><P 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">标准中定义了两级元数据：</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l79 level1 lfo81">l 一级元数据：主要用于支持数据编目和空间信息交换中心的数据发现服务，包含了53个元数据元素。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l79 level1 lfo81">l 二级元数据：提供了更完全的数据集描述，包含了13种类型的元数据<SUP>[7]</SUP>：</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">1. 标识信息(Identification information )</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">2. 数据质量信息（Data Quality information）</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">3. 谱系信息(Lineage information)</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">4. 空间数据表示(Spatial data representation )</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">5. 参考系统信息（Reference system information）</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">6. 特征目录信息（Feature catalogue information）</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">7. 发布信息(Distribution information )</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">8. 元数据参考信息(Meta data reference information )</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">9. 引用信息（Citation information ）</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">10. 数据负责者信息（Responsible party information ）</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">11. 地址信息（Address information ）</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">12. 范围信息( Extent information )</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l79 level2 lfo81">13. 在线资源信息（ On-line resource information ）</P><P 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">其中前8个是元数据的子集而后5个是可重复的实体，它们不能单独使用，总是作为一个单元出现在8个子集中。</P><P left" align=left>更详细的内容如下：</P><P left" align=left>一级元数据－—编目信息 包含数据集编目所需的最少的元数据内容。 </P><P left" align=left>二级元数据，它包含八个子集和三个可重复的实体。八个子集是： </P><P left" align=left>标识信息。包含唯一标识一个数据集、说明其空间和时间范围、 状况、法律限制和保密限定所需的信息； </P><P left" align=left>时间质量信息。包含数据集质量的一般评价； </P><P left" align=left>数据志信息。包含有关数据集应用、数据源，以及生产数据集时所用的工艺方法； </P><P left" align=left>空间数据表示信息。包含与数据集中表示空间信息所用方法有关的信息； </P><P left" align=left>参照系统信息。包含数据集中应用的空间和时间参照系统说明； </P><P left" align=left>要素分类信息。包含数据集中具有的要素类型、要素功能、要素属性和要素关系的定义和说明； </P><P left" align=left>发行信息。包含有关获取信息所需的数据发行者及买卖权限的信息； </P><P left" align=left>元数据参考信息。包含元数据现势性及其负责单位信息。 </P><P left" align=left>三个可重复的实体不是独立的元数据子集，它们不单独使用，而总是作为一个单元插在前述某一个子集中，且仅作为该子集的实体和元素。这三个可重复的实体是： </P><P left" align=left>引用文献信息实体。提供引用文献的标准格式； </P><P left" align=left>负责单位信息实体。包含与数据集有关的单位和/或个人的标识； </P><P left" align=left>地址信息实体。提供与数据集有关的单位和/或个人的地址及其 他通信办法。 </P><P left" align=left>标准定义了每个元数据子集、实体和元素的八个特征，即名称、标识码、定义、性质、条件、最大出现次数、数据类型和值域。下表 (表5) 是一级元数据－—编目信息的几个元素的特征表实例。 </P> |
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13楼#
发布于：2004-10-28 15:58
<H4 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><A>2.3.4 美国国际地球科学信息网络中心 (CIESIN) </A>的元数据标准</H4><P left" align=left>CIESIN （Center for International Earth Science Information Network）是1989年成立的一个非盈利、非官方组织。其目的是为科学家、决策者和公众提供有关信息，以便更好地认识不断变化的地球。它主要从事全球和地区网络开发、科学数据管理、决策支持、培训、教育和技术咨询服务。它也是世界数据A中心, 存贮大量科学数据。为了对其存储的数据进行有效的管理和便于用户使用，制定了元数据标准，并建立了元数据库，供用户通过网络查询检索。</P><P left" align=left>CIESIN的元数据标准内容主要包括：数据库名称、数据库标识、元数据更新日期、调查者、技术联系信息、数据中心、数据采集方法/设备、起始时间、截止时间、时间覆盖范围、数据概要、统计信息、语言、访问/可用性、质量、参数、学科、关键字、参考信息、
科学内容更新日期、下次更新日期等。</P><P left" align=left>CIESIN的元数据标准主要是说明科学数据的。已经建立了各个数据库的元数据库，并提供查询工具。用户填写查询界面上的选项，如目录名称、关键字、查询条件、组合关系、查询检索区域范围等，即可获取所需数据的元数据信息。</P><P left" align=left>CIESIN的元数据标准与FGDC的CSDGM标准内容上有一定的相似之处，但它主要用来说明关系数据，而后者则主要用来说明地理空间数据。</P><H4 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><A>2.3.5 澳大利亚、新西兰元数据核心元素标准</A></H4><P left" align=left>澳大利亚新西兰土地信息委员会（ANZLIC〕1994－1997年战略计划要求制定和执行澳大利亚新西兰国家土地和地理数据目录系统。<p></p></P><P left" align=left>1994年，ANZLIC制定了有关元数据的方针，决定在各个管辖区和国家级数据目录系统中，应用最概略的元数据（称之为“元数据核心元素”），而不用详细的全部元数据。该方针包含下列规定： <p></p></P><P left" align=left>提出元数据框架方案，确定和定义国家级土地和地理数据目录系统的必须的元数据元素，讨论元数据的建立、维护和目录管理等问题； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>各个管辖区向国家级数据目录系统无偿提供各自的元数据核心元素内容； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>国家级数据目录系统的元数据核心元素内容应当无偿地提供给各个管辖区； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>各个管辖区应当建立机制，以便潜在的用户能自由地、容易地访问元数据。 <p></p></P><P left" align=left>ANZLIC咨询委员会于1995年4月成立工作组，其任务包括： 提出元数据框架方案，确定和定义国家级土地和地理数据目录系统必须的元数据元素，讨论元数据的建立、维护和目录管理等问题； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>以元数据框架为基础，建立国家级数据目录系统，决定实施国家级数据目录计划的优先次序及问题； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>提出国家级数据目录系统实施计划，包括在各个管辖区及国家级数据目录系统之间转换元数据的方法； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>以适合转化为澳大利亚/新西兰国家标准的形式，撰写国家土地和地理数据质量指南的讨论稿，广泛征求意见。 <p></p></P><P left" align=left>为了鼓励按照ANZLIC建议的结构收集元数据，ANZLIC咨询委员会还要求工作组就开发基于PC机的、公共的元数据输入软件产品的可行性、费用及效益，提出报告。<p></p></P><P left" align=left>1995年7月ANZLIC 元数据标准工作组完成“澳大利亚和新西兰土地及地理数据目录元数据框架”讨论稿，提交所有管辖区土地信息协调机构和有关部门征求意见。该讨论稿确定了最少量的元数据核心元素，用于澳大利亚和新西兰所有高等级数据目录，作为国家统一的数据目录系统的基础。这样做的主要理由是： <p></p></P><P left" align=left>在需要的主题方面是否有现成的数据； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>数据集覆盖什么范围； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>提供数据集内容和质量的概要信息，以便用户决定是否进一步查询数据集； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>提供进一步的联系信息。 <p></p></P><P left" align=left>通过讨论认为制定元数据标准和建立国家土地信息的元数据目录系统，是使用户更加容易获得地理数据的重要步骤。<p></p></P><P left" align=left>1995年12月提出了第二个草案：土地和地理数据目录元数据核心元素标准建议。<p></p></P><P left" align=left>许多领域要求土地和地理信息的元数据的内容包括： <p></p></P><P left" align=left>有关数据采集方法、集成和分析技术的详细信息； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>有关原始数据集的精度、处理过程、管理单位数据的归档手续信息； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>有关投影、比例尺信息和数据字典，以帮助将数据转换到其他单位； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>数据集内容、质量和地理覆盖范围的适当说明，以便潜在用户能够评价对其应用的适宜性； <p></p></P><P left" align=left>联系信息等。 <p></p></P><P left" align=left>元数据核心元素是所有类型数据所共同的，说明现有什么数据、数据内容、地理覆盖范围、对于其他应用可能有什么作用，以及何处可以获得有关数据的更多信息等。 <p></p></P><P left" align=left> </P> |
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14楼#
发布于：2004-10-28 15:57
<H5 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><A>一、美国NASA</A>的DIF标准实例<p></p></H5><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Example of a Skinny DIF<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Entry_ID: </B>OAR0005<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Entry_Title: </B>COADS Ship Observations (Monthly Mean)<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group: </B>Technical_Contact<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>First_Name: </B>DONALD<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Middle_Name:</B> R.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Last_Name: </B>MOCK<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Email: </B>INTERNET > DRM@NOAACRD.COLORADO.EDU<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Phone:</B> 303-497-6640<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group: </B>Address<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">OAR MASC<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">325 Broadway Street<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Boulder, CO 80303-3328<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">USA<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Discipline: </B>EARTH SCIENCE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group: </B>Parameters<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Category: </B>EARTH SCIENCE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Topic:</B> ATMOSPHERE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Term: </B>CLOUDS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group: </B>Parameters<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Category:</B> EARTH SCIENCE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Topic:</B> ATMOSPHERE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Term: </B>ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Variable: </B>WATER VAPOR<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Detailed_Variable: </B>Specific Humidity<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group: </B>Parameters <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Category: </B>EARTH SCIENCE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Topic: </B>ATMOSPHERE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Term:</B> ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Variable: </B>AIR TEMPERATURE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group: </B>Parameters<B> <p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Category:</B> EARTH SCIENCE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Topic:</B> ATMOSPHERE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Term: </B>ATMOSPHERIC WINDS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Variable:</B> WIND STRESS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group:</B> Parameters <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Category: </B>EARTH SCIENCE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Topic: </B>ATMOSPHERE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Term:</B> ATMOSPHERIC WINDS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Variable: </B>SURFACE WINDS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Detailed_Variable: </B>VECTOR WINDS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group: </B>Parameters <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Category:</B> EARTH SCIENCE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Topic: </B>OCEANS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Term: </B>OCEAN TEMPERATURE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Variable:</B> SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group:</B> Parameters <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Category:</B> EARTH SCIENCE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Topic:</B> OCEANS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Term:</B> OCEAN WINDS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Variable: </B>WIND STRESS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group: </B>Parameters <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Category:</B> EARTH SCIENCE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Topic:</B> OCEANS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Term: </B>OCEAN WINDS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Variable:</B> SURFACE WINDS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Detailed_Variable: </B>VECTOR WINDS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group <p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword:</B> CLOUDINESS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword: </B>IDN_NODE GSFC/NOAA/OAR/CMDL<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword: </B>SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword: </B>SST<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword: </B>VECTOR WINDS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keyword:</B> WIND STRESS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Location: </B>BOUNDARY LAYER<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Location: </B>SEA SURFACE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Originating_Center: </B>NOAA/OAR/CMDL<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group: Data_Center<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data_Center_Name: </B><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">NOAA/OAR/CMDL > Climate Monitoring Diagnostic Laboratory, NOAA<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group: </B>Data_Center_Contact<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>First_Name:</B> DONALD<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Middle_Name: </B>R.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Last_Name: </B>MOCK<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Email: </B>INTERNET > DRM@NOAACRD.COLORADO.EDU<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Phone: </B>303-497-6640<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group: </B>Address<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">OAR MASC<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">325 Broadway Street<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Boulder, CO 80303-3328<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">USA<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Group: </B>Summary<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">[A more complete version of this directory entry is in progress. 12/30/93] <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">This directory entry was created from information gathered in a survey conducted as part of NOAA's Data System Modernization program. The following parameters were identified for this data set in the<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>survey: <p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Air Temperature,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Sea Surface Temperature,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Spec. Hum.,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Vector Winds,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Wind Stress,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Cloudiness.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>End_Group<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>DIF_Revision_Date: </B>1994-02-17<p></p></P>
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15楼#
发布于：2004-10-28 15:57
<H3 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><A>2.3 国际上其他元数据标准简介</A></H3><P>对于元数据标准内容，目前国际上主要有三个组织作了大量的工作，它们分别是欧洲标准化组织（CEN/TC 287）、美国联邦地理数据委员会（FGDC）以及国际标准化组织（ISO/TC 211）。下面我们对这三个组织的元数据内容分别作一讨论。 <p></p></P><P>表3.1 元数据内容组成<p></p></P><DIV align=center><TABLE 523.5pt; mso-cellspacing: .7pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt" cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0 width=698 border=1><TR 1.05pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 23%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 1.05pt" vAlign=top width="23%"><P 0pt">CEN/TC 287<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 1.05pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">FGDC<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 1.05pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">ISO/TC 211<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 1.05pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 0pt">本文建议的标准草案<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 0.65pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 23%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 0.65pt" vAlign=top width="23%"><P 0pt">数据集标识信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 0.65pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">标识信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 0.65pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">标识信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 0.65pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">标识信息<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 13.9pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 23%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 13.9pt" vAlign=top width="23%"><P 0pt">数据集综述信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 13.9pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">数据质量信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 13.9pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">数据质量信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 13.9pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">数据质量信息<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 10.8pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 23%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 10.8pt" vAlign=top width="23%"><P 0pt">数据集质量元素<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 10.8pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">空间数据组织信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 10.8pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">数据集继承信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 10.8pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">数据集继承信息<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 7.6pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 23%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 7.6pt" vAlign=top width="23%"><P 0pt">空间参照系信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 7.6pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">空间参照系信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 7.6pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">空间数据表示信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 7.6pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">空间数据表示信息<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 15pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 23%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 15pt" vAlign=top width="23%"><P 0pt">范围信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 15pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">实体和属性信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 15pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">空间参照系信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 15pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">空间参照系信息<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 11.2pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 23%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 11.2pt" vAlign=top width="23%"><P 0pt">数据定义<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 11.2pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">发行信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 11.2pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">应用要素分类信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 11.2pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">实体和属性信息<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 8.8pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 23%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 8.8pt" vAlign=top width="23%"><P 0pt">分类信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 8.8pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">元数据参考信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 8.8pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">发行信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 8.8pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">发行信息<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 6.4pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 23%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 6.4pt" vAlign=top width="23%"><P 0pt">管理信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 6.4pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt"> <p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 6.4pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">元数据参考信息<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 6.4pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt">元数据参考信息<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 10.15pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 23%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 10.15pt" vAlign=top width="23%"><P 0pt">元数据参考<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 10.15pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt"> <p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 10.15pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt"> <p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 10.15pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt"> <p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 7.05pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 23%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 7.05pt" vAlign=top width="23%"><P 0pt">元数据语言<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 7.05pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt"> <p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 7.05pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt"> <p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 26%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 7.05pt" vAlign=top width="26%"><P 0pt"> <p></p></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><P> <p></p></P><H4 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><A>2.3.1 CEN/TC 287</A></H4><P>CEN/TC 287是从事元数据研究比较早的单位[CEN/TC286 Secretariat,1996]。早在1992年，该委员会就开始了有关数字地理信息标准化方面的工作，并成立了四个工作组，从地理信息标准化框架（WG 1）、地理信息模型和应用（WG 2）、地理信息传输（WG 3）、以及地理信息定位参考系统（WG 4）等方面开始标准的制定工作。它的目的是想通过建立一系列结构化标准，以确定一种用于定义、描述、传输、以及表示现实世界的标准方法，促使与地理位置有关的数字信息的使用。CEN/TC 287成立后，通过会议等方式很快建立了一系列标准草案，并通过14个工作组开展工作(第4和第12工作组空缺)，其中元数据研究属于第2工作组中第9工作小组，即287009。<p></p></P><P>在CEN/TC 287中，把元数据分为标识信息、数据集综述信息、数据集质量元素、空间参照系信息、范围信息、数据定义、分类信息、管理信息、元数据参考、以及元数据语言等10个部分来描述数据集，每一部分又有各自的组成元素。<p></p></P><P>表3.2 CEN/TC 287的标准工作组<p></p></P><DIV align=center><TABLE 461.25pt; mso-cellspacing: .7pt; mso-padding-alt: 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt 6.75pt" cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0 width=615 border=1><TR 65.8pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 47%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 65.8pt" vAlign=top width="47%"><P>WG 1：地理信息标准化框架<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 53%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 65.8pt" vAlign=top width="53%"><P>287001 参考模型<p></p></P><P>287002 综述<p></p></P><P>287003 定义<p></p></P><P>287005 数据描述技术<p></p></P><P>287013 查询与更新<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 6pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 47%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 6pt" vAlign=top width="47%"><P>WG 2：地理信息模型和应用<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 53%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 6pt" vAlign=top width="53%"><P>287006 应用模式规则<p></p></P><P>287007 空间模式<p></p></P><P>287008 质量<p></p></P><P>287009 元数据<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 17.25pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 47%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 17.25pt" vAlign=top width="47%"><P>WG 3：地理信息传输<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 53%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 17.25pt" vAlign=top width="53%"><P>287010 传输<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 17.25pt"><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 47%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 17.25pt" vAlign=top width="47%"><P>WG 4：地理信息定位参考系统<p></p></P></TD><TD 6.75pt; PADDING-LEFT: 6.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6.75pt; WIDTH: 53%; PADDING-TOP: 6.75pt; HEIGHT: 17.25pt" vAlign=top width="53%"><P>287011 位置<p></p></P><P>287014 间接定位系统<p></p></P></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><P> <p></p></P><H4 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><A>2.3.2 电器和电子工程师协会 (IEEE)</A></H4><P left" align=left>电器和电子工程师协会 (IEEE) 在1994年2月的白皮书中指出：元数据是关于数据的信息，它使得有效地管理和访问数据成为可能。该协会认为至少有两种元数据，即系统级元数据和应用级元数据。前者是用于管理数据的信息，包括数据访问时间、数据量、当前的存储位置等；后者是帮助用户的信息，包括找到、评价、访问和使用数据的信息。</P><P left" align=left>在某些情况下，访问元数据应当比访问数据快。为此，要求将元数据常驻在较高等级的设备上。在处理特大型数据集时这一点特别重要。</P><P left" align=left>元数据的内容是没有限定的。一般而言，元数据可以是文件系统或应用所需要的任何信息。它应当是可扩充的。元数据的量也是没有限定的。但是，它总是比其说明的对象，即数据的量小。元数据的大小取决于访问的复杂性，或管理水平的要求。</P><P left" align=left>元数据的主要目的是解决数据管理和共享问题。元数据能够改进系统有效存储、检索和移动数据的能力。当今生产和储存的大量数据对于用户是严重的挑战。如果用户无法知道有什么数据和在哪儿能找到它们，就无法使用它们。用户对这些大型数据集的应用能
力取决于对数据有效地访问及管理能力。</P><P left" align=left>为解决这些数据管理和共享方面的问题，许多部门已经在其系统上建立了元数据库。以便用户能够通过元数据快速浏览数据，并决定是否值得检索数据。例如，用户对一幅特定的地图感性趣，但是，要检索该幅图需要若干小时，而一幅比较小的、较低分辨率的 地图已经够用。如果向用户提供关于地图分辨率的元数据，用户就能够作出有关检索数据的正确决定。</P><P left" align=left>IEEE从1993年以来召开了一系列以理解和定义“元数据”或数据访问问题为主题的学术讨论会。</P><P left" align=left>1993年8月26－27日在美国召开的第一次元数据学术讨论会目的为： </P><P left" align=left>用任何形式访问储存在任何地方的大型数据库； </P><P left" align=left>有效地、容易地管理大型数据库； </P><P left" align=left>易于在不同类型的单位和系统间交换数据； </P><P left" align=left>定义抽象的数据类型和结构。 </P><P left" align=left>这次讨论会一致通过的元数据定义为：</P><P left" align=left>元数据是有关存储数据实体的信息，包括语义和信息内容、元素类型和编码、实体之间的关系、数据结构、数据格式、数据类型、相关的数据、数据推论和派生等；元数据是有关数据存储管理的信息，包括位置和名称、访问时间、访问方法等；元数据也是有关数 据应用的信息，包括使用限制、使用方法、历史记录等。</P><P left" align=left>元数据分为两个等级：概要的元数据适用于所有数据文件、详细的元数据适用于各个数据文件。</P><P left" align=left>1994年2月17－18日，在美国召开了第二次元数据学术讨论会：其目的是解决元数据访问和/或标准化问题，将元数据元素分为三组：</P><P left" align=left>（1）主要与信息内容有关的元素；</P><P left" align=left>（2）主要与信息的知识产权有关的元素；</P><P left" align=left>（3）主要与信息的实例有关的元素。</P><P left" align=left>1994年3月2日发表的白皮书将元数据定义为：“关于数据的数据”，或者“应用数据所需要的补充信息”。元数据应用于下列四种不同的方面： </P><P left" align=left>(1) 查询、浏览、检索数据；</P><P left" align=left>(2) 数据获取、质量保证、再加工；</P><P left" align=left>(3) 系统间转换数据；</P><P left" align=left>(4) 存储、建立数据档案。</P><P left" align=left>1994年5月15－18日在美国华盛顿召开了第三次学术讨论会：会议目的是定义元数据框架 (说明存储数据的数据)。考虑了多种数据类型和格式：图像、音频、录象、表格、栅格、图形、算法和程序、文件等。提高访问数据的速度和应用数据，促进不同学科间的 数据共享。</P><H4 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><A>2.3.3 美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（NASA</A>）DIF标准</H4><P left" align=left>DIF是目录交换格式（Directory Interchange Format）的英文缩写，这是由NASA发布的、主要用于说明遥感数据，特别是卫星遥感数据的一个实际应用的元数据标准。DIF由一系列字段组成，详细说明有关数据的信息。在DIF中，下述六个字段是必需的：登录目录标识、登录目录名称、参数、原始数据中心、数据中心（包括名称、数据集标识、联系人等）及数据概要等（表3）。为使信息更加明晰，并尽可能与FGDC的元数据标准一致，增加了一些字段，如传感器名称、地点、数据分辨率、计划、质量、访问和使用限制、分发、多媒体样本等。新增加的字段有助于用户更好的决定数据集的可用程度。</P><P left" align=left>DIF字段中一部分是文本字段，其他字段则使用有效值。</P><P left" align=left>表3</P><TABLE black 0.75pt outset; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt outset; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt outset; WIDTH: 450pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt outset; mso-cellspacing: .7pt" cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0 width=600 border=1><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>登录目录标识（O）<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>登录目录名称（O）<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>数据集参考资料<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>调查人<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>技术联系<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>学科<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>参数（O）<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>关键字<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>传感器名称<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>资源名称<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>时间跨度<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>数据集进展<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>空间覆盖范围<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>位置<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>时间分辨率<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>计划<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>集成标记<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>质量<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>访问限制<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>使用限制<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>原始数据中心（O）<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>数据中心（名称、数据集标识、联系人）（O）<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>时间分类<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>存贮介质<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>发行信息<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>多媒体样本<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>参考资料<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>数据概要（O）<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>DIF文件作者<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>综合数据网（IDN）结点<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>DIF更新日期<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>下次更新日期<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top><P>科学内容更新日期<p></p></P></TD></TR></TABLE><P left" align=left>尽管DIF增加了若干字段，以求与FGDC的元数据内容标准一致。但是，它仍然局限于数据字典范畴，重点从数据存储的角度说明数据，缺乏数据分发、数据使用等方面的信息。</P> |
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16楼#
发布于：2004-10-28 15:57
<P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Type_of_Source_Media:</B> magnetic tape<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Time_Period_of_Content:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Time_Period_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Range_of_Dates/Times:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Beginning_Date: </B>various<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Ending_Date: </B>various<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Currentness_Reference: </B>ground condition<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Citation_Abbreviation: </B>DEM1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Contribution:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Elevation data in the form of a digital elevation model regridded to 3- by 3-arc second data spacing within the 1-degree DEM bounds.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Process_Step:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Process_Description:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">DEM's are created by gridding digital line graph (DLG) contours or the equivalent from USGS 1:24,000-scale or 1:100,000-scale maps. DEM's may also be created from regridding 7.5-minute DEMs to the coarser 3-arc second grid spacing of the 1-degree DEM. The accuracy and data spacing are intended to support computer applications that analyze hypsographic features to a level of detail similar to manual interpolation of information from printed source maps. Quality control: DEM's are viewed on interactive editing systems to identify and correct blunder and systematic errors. DEM's are verified for physical format and logical consistency at the production centers and before archiving in the National Digital Cartographic Data Base (NDCDB) utilizing the Digital Elevation Model Verification System (DVS) software. Additional information on this software may be found in Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993, Technical Instructions, DVS Users Manual (draft): Reston, VA<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: </B>CONTOUR1, DEM1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Process_Date:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Spatial_Data_Organization_Information<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method:</B> raster<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Raster_Object_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Raster_Object_Type:</B> grid cell<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Row_Count: </B>1201<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Column_Count: </B>1201<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Spatial_Reference_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Geographic:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Latitude_Resolution: </B>3<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Longitude_Resolution: </B>3<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Geographic_Coordinate_Units: </B>Decimal seconds<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Altitude_System_Definition:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Altitude_Datum_Name: </B>National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Altitude_Resolution:</B> 1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Altitude_Distance_Units: </B>meters<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Altitude_Encoding_Method:</B>Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Entity_and_Attribute_Information: <p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Overview_Description:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">The digital elevation model is composed of a 6-character integer raster representing a gridded form of a topographic map hypsography overlay. Each raster entity contains a 6-character integer value between -32,767 and 32,768. <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992,Standards for digital elevation models: Reston, VAA hypertext version is available at:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: ftp://www-nmd.usgs.gov/pub/dem_html/standards_dem.html><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">A hypertext extract is available at:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/1_dgr_dem><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Softcopy in ASCII format is available at:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: ftp://www-nmd.usgs.gov/pub/ti/DEM/demstnds/stdempt1.txt><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: ftp://www-nmd.usgs.gov/pub/ti/DEM/demstnds/stdempt2.txt><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: ftp://www-nmd.usgs.gov/pub/ti/DEM/demstnds/stdempt3.txt><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Softcopy in WordPerfect format is available at:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: ftp://www-nmd.usgs.gov/pub/ti/DEM/demstnds/stdempt1.wp5><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: ftp://www-nmd.usgs.gov/pub/ti/DEM/demstnds/stdempt2.wp5><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: ftp://www-nmd.usgs.gov/pub/ti/DEM/demstnds/stdempt3.wp5><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Softcopy in PostScript format is available at:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: ftp://www-nmd.usgs.gov/pub/ti/DEM/demstnds/stdempt1.ps><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: ftp://www-nmd.usgs.gov/pub/ti/DEM/demstnds/stdempt2.ps><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: ftp://www-nmd.usgs.gov/pub/ti/DEM/demstnds/stdempt3.ps><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Distribution_Information: <p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Distributor:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Contact_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Contact_Organization_Primary:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Contact_Organization: </B>Earth Science Information Center, U.S. <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Geological Survey<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Contact_Address:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Address_Type: </B>mailing and physical address<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Address:</B> 507 National Center<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>City: </B>Reston<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>State_or_Province: </B>Virginia<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Postal_Code: </B>22092<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Contact_Voice_Telephone: </B>1 800 USA MAPS<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Hours_of_Service:</B> 0800-1600<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Contact_Instructions:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">In addition to the address above there are other ESIC offices throughout the country. A full list of these offices is at: <URL: http://www-nmd.usgs.gov/esic/esic_index.html><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Resource_Description: </B>1-degree digital elevation models<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Distribution_Liability:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the Geological Survey<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">regarding the utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS will warrant the delivery of this product in computer-readable format and will offer appropriate adjustment of credit when the product is determined unreadable by<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">correctly adjusted computer input peripherals, or when the physical medium is delivered in damaged condition. Requests for adjustments of credit must be made within 90 days from<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">the date of this shipment from the ordering site. <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Standard_Order_Process:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Digital_Form:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Digital_Transfer_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Format_Name:</B> DEM<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Format_Information_Content:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">The standard USGS DEM can be described as an ASCII formatted elevation file preceded by a metadata header file which consists of one 1024-byte ACSII record. Transfer_size: 1.4 (per 15-minute DEM unit)<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Digital_Transfer_Option:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Online_Option:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Computer_Contact_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Network_Address:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Network_Resource_Name:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/1_dgr_demfig/index1m.html><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Online_Option:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Computer_Contact_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Network_Address:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Network_Resource_Name: <p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL: <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/1_dgr_demfig/states.html><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Online_Option:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Computer_Contact_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Network_Address:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Network_Resource_Name: <p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><URL:ftp://edcftp.cr.usgs.gov/pub/data/DEM/250/<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Offline_Option:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Offline_Media:</B> 9-track tape<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Recording_Format:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">standard 9-track label, record length 1024. To ensure compatibility, a maximum blocking factor (specified in multiples of 1024) of 31744 is recommended. For efficiency, blocking factors less than 16,000 are discouraged.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Compatibility_Information:</B> None<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Fees:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">The online copy of the data set (when available electronically) may be accessed without charge. For 8-mm cartridge and 9-track tapes the costs are:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">1 digital product = $40<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">2 digital products = $60<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">3 digital products = $80<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">4 digital products = $100<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">5 digital products = $120<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">6 or more = $90 plus $7 per each product over six <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">A $3.50 handling charge is applied to all mail orders.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Metadata_Reference_Information: <p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Metadata_Date: </B>199501<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Metadata_Contact:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Contact_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Contact_Organization_Primary:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Contact_Organization:</B> U.S. Geological Survey<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Contact_Address:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Address_Type: </B>mailing address<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Address: </B>508 National Center<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>City: </B>Reston<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>State_or_Province: </B>VA<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Postal_Code:</B> 22092<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Contact_Voice_Telephone: </B>703 648 4543<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Metadata_Standard_Name: </B>Content Standards for Digital Geospatial <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Metadata<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Metadata_Standard_Version: </B>19940608<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">USGS Node of NSDI Clearinghouse home page <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">This page is <http://nsdi.usgs.gov/nsdi/maps/dem1deg.HTML>. <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">This page is maintained by <nsdi@usgs.gov> <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Last modified: 14AUG95<p></p></P><P left" align=left> <p></p></P>
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17楼#
发布于：2004-10-28 15:57
<P left" align=left>美国FGDC 元数据标准除在美国国内广泛使用外，加拿大、印度等国也已等同采用，作为各自的国家标准。ISO/TC 211利用该标准文本作为基础，正在制定相应的国际标准。</P><P left" align=left> <p></p></P><P left" align=left> <p></p></P><P left" align=left> <p></p></P><H4 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><A>2.2.2 美国FGDC</A>的元数据标准实例</H4><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Metadata for 1-degree Digital Elevation Models<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">These metadata describe the 1-degree digital elevation model holdings of the USGS for the conterminous United States. This is a data-set level implementation of the Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata, and will be in place until file-specific information for individual digitalelevation models is available. <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Table of Contents </B><p></p></P><UL type=disc><LI class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo46; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Identification_Information <p></p><LI class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo46; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Data_Quality_Information <LI class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo46; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Spatial_Data_Organization_Information <LI class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo46; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Spatial_Reference_Information <LI class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo46; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Entity_and_Attribute_Information <LI class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo46; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Distribution_Information <LI class=MsoNormal style="tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l60 level1 lfo46; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto">Metadata_Reference_Information </LI></UL><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Identification_Information: <p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Citation:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Citation_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Originator: </B>Defense Mapping Agency<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Publication_Date: </B>unknown<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Title:</B> 1-degree Digital Elevation Models<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:</B><B> </B>map<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Publication_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Publication_Place: </B>Reston, VA<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Publisher: </B>U. S. Geological Survey<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Description:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Abstract:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is the terminology adopted by the USGS to describe terrain elevation data sets in a digital raster form. The standard DEM consists of a regular array of<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">elevations cast on a designated coordinate projection system. The DEM data are stored as a series of profiles in which the spacing of the elevations along and between each profile is in regular whole number intervals. The normal orientation of data is by columns and rows. Each column contains a series of elevations ordered from south to north with the order of the columns from west to east. The DEM is formatted as one ASCII header record (A-record), followed by a series of profile records (B-records) each of which include a short B-record header followed by a series of ASCII integer elevations per each profile. The last physical record of the DEM is an accuracy<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">record (C-record). 1-degree DEM (3- by 3-arc second data spacing). Provides coverage in 1- by 1-degree blocks. Two products (three in some regions of Alaska) provide the same coverage as a standard USGS 1- by 2-degree quadrangle. The basic elevation model is produced by or for the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA), but is distributed by the USGS in the DEM data record format. Coverage is for the United States.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Purpose:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">DEM's can be used as source data for digital orthophotos, and, as layers in geographic information systems, for earth science analysis. DEM's can also serve as tools for volumetric analysis, for site location of towers, or for drainage basin delineation.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Supplemental_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">1-degree DEM's have rows and columns which are based on the geographic coordinate system. The use of this system results in a rectangular DEM which shares a common edge and therefore<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">duplicate points with other adjacent 1-degree DEM's.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Time_Period_of_Content:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Time_Period_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Range_of_Dates/Times:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Beginning_Date: </B>19791000<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Ending_Date: </B>19900331<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Currentness_Reference: </B>ground condition<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Status:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Progress: </B>complete<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: </B>Irregular<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Spatial_Domain:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Bounding_Coordinates:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>West_Bounding_Coordinate: </B>-124.7333<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>East_Bounding_Coordinate: </B>-067.9500<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>North_Bounding_Coordinate:</B> 49.3833<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>South_Bounding_Coordinate: </B>24.5333<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Keywords:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: </B>none<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme_Keyword: </B>DEM<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme_Keyword: </B>digital elevation model<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme_Keyword: </B>digital terrain model<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme_Keyword: </B>hypsography<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme_Keyword: </B>altitude<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme_Keyword: </B>height<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme_Keyword: </B>contour line<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Theme_Keyword: </B>digital contours<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Access_Constraints: </B>None<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Use_Constraints:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">None. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Data_Quality_Information<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Attribute_Accuracy:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Attribute_Accuracy_Report:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">The accuracy of a DEM is dependent upon the level of detail of the source and the grid spacing used to sample that source. The primary limiting factor for the level of detail of the source is the scale of the source materials. The proper selection of grid spacing determines the level of content that may be extracted from a given source during digitization.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Logical_Consistency_Report:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">The fidelity of the relationships encoded in the data structure of the DEM are automatically verified using a USGS software program upon completion of the data production cycle. The test verifies full compliance to the DEM specification<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Completeness_Report:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">The DEM is visually inspected for completeness on a DEM view and edit system for the purpose of performing a final quality control and if necessary edit of the DEM. The physical format<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">of each digital elevation model is validated for content completeness and logical consistency during production quality control and prior to archiving in the National Digital Cartographic Data Base.Level 2 DEM: Level 2 DEM's may contain void areas due to interruptions to contours in the source graphic or DLG. Void area elevation grid posts are assigned the value of -32,767. In addition, suspect elevation areas may exist in the DEM but are not specifically identified. Suspect areas can be located on the source graphic as a "disturbed surface" which are symbolized by contours overprinted with photorevised or other surface patterns.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Positional_Accuracy:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Digital elevation models meet horizontal National Map Accuracy Standards (NMAS) accuracy requirements. NMAS horizontal accuracy requires that at least 90 percent of points tested are within 0.02 inches of the true position. The primary reference from which 1-degree DEM accuracy is derived is source-based, as a minimum, meeting NMAS for100,000-scale USGS topographic series maps.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">RMSE of the DEM. The 1-degree DEM accuracy is source-dependent and is based on the 1:100,000-scale USGS topographic series map. <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Digital elevation models meet horizontal National Map Accuracy Standards (NMAS) accuracy requirements.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">The vertical root-mean-square error (RMSE) statistic is used to describe the vertical accuracy of a DEM, encompassing both random and systematic errors introduced during production of the data. The RMSE is encoded in element number 5 of record C of the DEM. Accuracy is computed by a <p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">comparison of linear interpolated elevations in the DEM with corresponding known elevations. Test points are well distributed, representative of the terrain, and have true levations with accuracies well within the DEM accuracy criteria. Acceptable test points include, in order of preference: field control, aerotriangulated test points, spot elevations, or points on contours from existing source maps with appropriate contour interval. A minimum of 28 test points per DEM is required to compute the RMSE, which is composed of a single test using 20 interior points and 8 edge points. Edge points are those which are located along, at, or near the quadrangle neatlines and are deemed by the editor to be useful to evaluating the accuracy of the edge of the DEM. Collection of test point data and comparison of the DEM with the quadrangle hypsography are conducted by the quality control units within the USGS. There are three types of DEM vertical error; blunder, systematic and random. These errors are reduced in magnitude by editing but cannot be completely eliminated and may be encountered. Blunder errors are those errors of major proportions and are easily identified and removed during interactive editing. Systematic errors are those errors that follow some fixed pattern and are introduced by data collection procedures and systems. These error artifacts include: vertical elevation shifts, misinterpretation of terrain surface due to trees, buildings and shadows, and fictitious ridges, tops, benches or striations. Random errors result from unknown or accidental causes. DEMs are edited to correctly depict elevation surfaces that correspond to water bodies of specified size.Level 2 DEM: A vertical RMSE of one-half of the contour interval (of 100,000-scale source), determined by the source map, is the maximum permitted. Systematic errors may not exceed one contour interval, determined by the source map, is the maximum permitted. Systematic errors may not exceed one contour interval specified by the source graphic. Level 2 DEM's have been processed or smoothed for consistency and edited to remove identifiable systematic errors.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Value: </B>RMSE<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Lineage:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Citation:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Citation_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Originator:</B> U.S. Geological Survey<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Publication_Date:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Title: </B>digital contour lines<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: </B>map<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Publication_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Publication_Place: </B>Reston, VA<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Publisher:</B> U.S. Geological Survey<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Type_of_Source_Media: </B>magnetic tape<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Time_Period_of_Content:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Time_Period_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Range_of_Dates/Times:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Beginning_Date: </B>various<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Ending_Date: </B>various<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Currentness_Reference:</B>bbb<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Citation_Abbreviation:</B> CONTOUR1<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Contribution:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">Hypsographic vector information which is interpolated to regular grid posts to form DEM grids in 3- by 3-arc second data spacing within the 1-degree DEM bounds.<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Source_Citation:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Citation_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Originator: </B>U.S. Geological Survey<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Publication_Date:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Title: </B>digital elevation model<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: </B>map<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Publication_Information:<p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Publication_Place:</B> Reston, VA<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>Publisher: </B>U.S. Geological Survey<p></p></P>
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发布于：2004-10-28 15:56
<P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo80">l 标识信息( Identification)：是关于数据集的基本信息。主要包括：引用，描述信息，状态信息，空间范围，关键词，访问限制，使用限制等。通过它用户可以对数据有一个大致的了解。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo80">l 数据质量信息（Data Quality）：对数据质量进行总体评价的信息。包括属性精度，逻辑可靠性报告，完整性报告，位置精度，继承信息(数据源+处理步骤) 等。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo80">l 空间数据表示信息（Spatial Data Organization）：数据集中空间信息的组织方法。由空间表示类型，矢量空间表示信息，栅格空间表示信息等组成。 有了它，用户在取得数据以后就可以对它进行分析和处理了。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo80">l 空间参照系信息(Spatial Reference)：数据集中坐标的参考框架以及编码方式的描述，是反映现实世界和地理数字世界之间关系的通道。包括平面坐标系定义和垂直坐标系定义。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo80">l 实体和属性信息（Entity and Attribute）：是关于数据集内容的细节信息，包括实体类型，它们的属性及属性的值域。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo80">l 发行信息（Distribution）：是关于数据发行和获取的信息。包括发行部门，数据资源描述，发行部门责任，获取手段等。通过发行信息，用户可以了解数据集在何处，怎样获取，获取介质以及费用等相关信息。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo80">l 元数据参考信息（Metadata Reference）：元数据当前状况及其负责部门的信息，包括元数据日期信息、联系地址，制定元数据所使用的标准、版本、限制条件、安全信息以及元数据扩展信息等内容。是当前数据集所作元数据的描述的依据。通过元数据参考信息，可以更好地帮助用户了解元数据描述方法的信息，从而加深对数据集的理解。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo80">l 引用信息（Citation）：引用和参考数据集时所需的简要信息。包括标题、作者信息和参考时间等。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo80">l 时间范围信息（Time Period）：有关事件的日期和时间信息，被主要子集的元素引用。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo80">l 联系信息（Contact）：在主要子集中被引用的有关个人或组织的联系信息。</P><P left" align=left> <p></p></P><P left" align=left>元数据元素是元数据的关键术语，是其最基本的单元。一个元数据元素说明地理空间数据的某一方面特征。按数据库语言，它们是填入数据的“字段”。一个或若干个元数据元素组成元数据实体。复合实体则由元数据实体、元数据元素和/或其他复合实体构成。
每个元数据元素、实体或复合实体均需说明其名称、定义、类型、值域、简称等特征信息。元数据子集是由若干元素、简单的或复合的元数据实体组成的集合。</P><P left" align=left>CSDGM标准规定了三种性质的子集、实体和元素。这三种性质是：必需的，即必需提供的信息；一定条件下必需的，即如果正在建立的元数据包含某子集、某个实体，或某个元素说明的特征，则必需提供的信息；可选的，即该信息是可选的，由用户决定是否将其包含在元数据文件中。</P><P left" align=left>当用图形表示时，元数据元素为一个三维方框，框内填写元素的关键字名。实体及复合实体则表示为围绕数据元素和/或其他元素的方框。图1是一个复合实体“数据集范围”的框图。它由地理坐标、时间范围和高程范围等三个实体组成。其中，“地理坐标”为复合实体，它由四个元素和一个“地理区域”实体组成。“地理区域”实体又由两个元素组成；“时间范围”实体由四个元素组成；“高程范围”实体则由三个元素组成。</P><P left" align=left>在元数据文本文件中，这种子集、实体和元素关系，用元素比实体缩进一格的办法表示（称为分层缩排），或者用编号，或者在编号后增加一个小数点和下一层编号表示。例如，实体2.1可以有元素2.1.1和2.1.2等。以下是美国地质测量局发布的30分数字高程模型（DEM）元数据中数据志(Lineage) 子集的部分内容，它明显地体现了这种缩排结构（其中，加粗部分是元数据数据值，其余是元数据子集、实体和元素名称）： </P><P left" align=left>Lineage:</P><P left" align=left>Source_Information:</P><P left" align=left>Source_Citation:</P><P left" align=left>Citation_Information:</P><P left" align=left>Originator: <B>U.S. Geological Survey<p></p></B></P><P left" align=left>Publication_Date:</P><P left" align=left>Title: <B>digital contour lines<p></p></B></P><P left" align=left>Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: <B>map<p></p></B></P><P left" align=left>Publication_Information:</P><P left" align=left>Publication_Place: <B>Reston, VA<p></p></B></P><P left" align=left>Publisher: <B>U.S. Geological Survey<p></p></B></P><P left" align=left>Type_of_Source_Media: <B>magnetic tape<p></p></B></P><P left" align=left>Source_Time_Period_of_Content:</P><P left" align=left>Time_Period_Information:</P><P left" align=left>Range_of_Dates/Times:</P><P left" align=left>Beginning_Date: <B>19880805<p></p></B></P><P left" align=left>Ending_Date:<B> present<p></p></B></P><P left" align=left>Source_Currentness_Reference: <B>ground condition<p></p></B></P><P left" align=left>这里有几点需要注意：</P><P left" align=left>──元数据子集、实体和元素名称必需与标准完全一致；</P><P left" align=left>──元数据的实体（含复合实体）与其元素之间的关系必需处理好，即元素总是跟随各自的实体；</P><P left" align=left>元数据即使符合标准，看起来也可能是不一样的。这是由于标准仅说明元数据的内容，而不是它的格式。不同格式包括：元数据元素分层缩排、编号系统、元素名后加冒号、在元素名称下划线，或者将其作为分开的单词等。可以利用元数据操作工具软件将它们规则排列起来。操作工具可以读入元数据文件，输出与标准一致的元素名称。美国地质测量局（USGS）Doug Nebert先生搜集编辑了著名的、用于建立地理空间数据文档的、符合FGDC 元数据标准的各种元数据操作工具表（表2）。这些工具可用于元数据的输入、编辑、预处理、后处理和确认。表2</P><TABLE black 0.75pt outset; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt outset; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt outset; WIDTH: 450pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt outset; mso-cellspacing: .7pt" cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=0 width=600 border=1><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" width="27%"><P center" align=center><B>操作工具名称</B><B><p></p></B></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" width="41%"><P center" align=center><B>功 能<p></p></B></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" width="32%"><P center" align=center><B>OS/GIS平台<p></p></B></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>ASCII template documents<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>Metadata entry aid<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>Any platform with text editor or wordprocessing capabilities <p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; 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PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>CSDGM Metadata creation tool<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>Windows 95, NT<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>DATA DICTIONARY (AML)</P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; 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WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>MS-Windows 3.1, 95, or NT with Microsoft Access 2.0+, or Windows 3.11<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>DOCUMENT (AML)<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>Intelligent CSDGM Metadata entry tool for Arc/Info<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>UNIX Arc/Info version 7.0.3 or 7.0.4<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>FGDCMETA (AML) 1.1<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>Intelligent CSDGM Metadata entry tool for Arc/Info<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>Arc/Info for UNIX or NT<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>The MDC (Metadata Collector)<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>Metadata creation tool for Florida agencies<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>MS-Windows, UNIX<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>Metadata Lite Entry Form<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>Metadata submission suite<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>Web browser for client, server with Perl and Isite<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>Metadata Management System (LCRA) </P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>CSDGM Metadata creation tool<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>MS-Windows 3.1, 95 or NT<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>Meta Data Manager Professional 2.0 </P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>CSDGM, DIF, GILS Metadata tool<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>Windows 95, NT<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR 23.25pt"><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 23.25pt" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>Metadata Validation Service</P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 23.25pt" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>On-line implementation of mp to perform CSDGM Metadata validation<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset; HEIGHT: 23.25pt" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>Any web browser which supports forms<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>Metagen32<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>CSDGM Metadata creation tool<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>Windows 95, NT<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>METALITE (AML) Beta 1.8 <p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>CSDGM Metadata creation tool<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>Arc/Info 7.0+ for UNIX<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>MetaMaker 2.10<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>CSDGM Metadata creation tool<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>MS-Windows<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>mp<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>Utility to check compliance of Metadata with CSDGM and produce output in formatted text, HTML, SGML, or DIF form<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>UNIX, DOS, Windows 95 or NT<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>Xtme<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>CSDGM Metadata creation tool<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>UNIX with XR5<p></p></P></TD></TR><TR><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 27%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="27%"><P>Hey! What about all those other Metadata tools?<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 41%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="41%"><P>very hot Metadata tool<p></p></P></TD><TD black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: black 0.75pt inset; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: black 0.75pt inset; WIDTH: 32%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 0.75pt inset" vAlign=top width="32%"><P>Voodoo OS<p></p></P></TD></TR></TABLE> |
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19楼#
发布于：2004-10-28 15:55
<H3 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><A>2.2 美国FGDC </A>元数据标准</H3><H4 0cm 0cm 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm"><A>2.2.1 FGDC </A>的元数据标准</H4><P 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">美国联邦地理数据委员会(Federal Congraphic Data Committee ，FGDC )成立于1990 年，由来自16个单位的17位专家组成。1992年6月举办了地理空间元数据讨论会，与会者认为需要研制地理空间数据的元数据内容标准( CSDGM)。该委员会下设的标准化工作组起草了CSDGM 标准草案，然后开始公开征求意见。1994年8月FGDC通过并发布第一版CSDGM。此后，美国联邦政府内外的许多单位根据12906号总统令的要求，从1995年开始执行这一标准，并利用自动索引和服务机制，为用户提供通过因特网访问其数据库的服务。FDGC 于1997 年完成了第二版CSDGM<SUP>[6]</SUP>，并于1998年6月认可了该标准（FGDC－STD－001－1998）。</P><P 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">根据最新的FGDC的用户手册<SUP>[4]</SUP>，标准中定义了三类元素：</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 43.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -22.7pt; tab-stops: list 43.7pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo84">l 子集（Sectoins）：标准中主要的章节被称为子集，其实它也是复合元素。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 43.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -22.7pt; tab-stops: list 43.7pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo84">l 复合元素（Compound Element ）：一组相关的数据元素或者其它复合元素。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 43.7pt; TEXT-INDENT: -22.7pt; tab-stops: list 43.7pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo84">l 数据元素（Data Element ）：从逻辑上不可再分割的数据项。</P><P 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt">各个元素可能是：</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo79">l 必选的：必须提供的信息。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo79">l 可选的：可选的信息。</P><P 0cm 0cm 7.8pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo79">l 一定条件下必选：如果元数据的实例包含了某个子集、复合元素或具有了某个属性，就必须提供的信息。</P><P 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt">图2-1是FGDC元数据标准的各个子集的示意图。其中1到7 是主要子集，而8到10 属于次要子集，它们不能单独存在，只能在主要子集中被引用。下面将具体介绍各个部分的内容： </P><P 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><v:shapetype><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:path connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t"></v:path></v:shapetype><v:shape><v:textbox style="MARGIN-TOP: 4.031pt; LEFT: auto; MARGIN-LEFT: 7.187pt; WIDTH: 201.625pt; TOP: auto; HEIGHT: 16.187pt; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1031"></v:textbox></v:shape><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TR><TD><DIV class=shape 7.2pt; PADDING-LEFT: 7.2pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 3.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 3.6pt" v:shape="_x0000_s1031"><P 7.8pt">图2-1：FGDC元数据标准中的子集</P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt"> <p></p></P></DIV></TD></TR></TABLE><wrapblock><v:shapetype><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0 "></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0 "></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1 "></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2 "></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth "></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight "></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1 "></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2 "></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth "></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0 "></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight "></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0 "></v:f></v:formulas><v:path connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" extrusionok="f"></v:path><lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"></lock></v:shapetype><v:shape><v:imagedata src="./GIS%20metadata.files/image001.png" title=""></v:imagedata><v:textbox style="MARGIN-TOP: 4.343pt; LEFT: auto; MARGIN-LEFT: 7.937pt; WIDTH: 372.625pt; TOP: auto; HEIGHT: 212.562pt; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1032"></v:textbox><w:wrap type="topandbottom"></w:wrap></v:shape></wrapblock><BR vglayout" clear=all> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"> <p></p></P><P 7.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"> <p></p></P>
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