<img src="images/post/smile/dvbbs/em01.gif" />

<P 1cm; TEXT-INDENT: -1cm; mso-list: l2 level5 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0cm">(5)         水文分析<p></p></P><P 18pt">1)   洼地填充<p></p></P><P 17.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">操作步骤如下：<p></p></P><P 75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -35.9pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 75.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">I、               激活视图目录表中的Dem。<p></p></P><P 75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -35.9pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 75.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">II、            从【Hydro】菜单中选择【Fill sinks】命令。<p></p></P><P 75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -35.9pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 75.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">III、       在视图目录表中显示生成的Filled Dem，既为填充过洼地的Dem数据。<p></p></P><P 51pt; TEXT-INDENT: -30pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 51.0pt">3)             水流方向计算<p></p></P><P 17.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">在Arcview中提取水流方向的步骤如下：<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 77.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">I、               从视图目录表中激活Filled Dem。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 77.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">II、            从【Hydro】菜单中选择【Flow Direction】命令。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 77.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">III、       显示新生成的水流流向数据Flow Direction（见图20）。<p></p></P><P 51pt; TEXT-INDENT: -30pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo12; tab-stops: list 51.0pt">4)             <wrapblock><v:shape><v:textbox style="MARGIN-TOP: 4.343pt; LEFT: auto; MARGIN-LEFT: 7.187pt; WIDTH: 246.625pt; TOP: auto; HEIGHT: 203.406pt; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1079"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TR><TD><DIV><P><v:shape><v:imagedata src="7.files/image041.jpg" title="20"></v:imagedata></v:shape></P><P center" align=center>图20  提取水流方向<p></p></P></DIV></TD></TR></TABLE></v:textbox><w:wrap type="topandbottom"></w:wrap></v:shape></wrapblock><BR vglayout" clear=all>流水累积量<p></p></P><P 20.15pt">计算流水累积量的步骤如下：<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 77.95pt">I、               从视图目录表中激活Flow Direction。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 77.95pt">II、            从【Hydro】菜单中选择【Flow Accumulation】命令。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 77.95pt">III、       显示新生成的流水累积量数据主题Flow Accumulation。双击此主题的图例，在出现的Legend Editor对话框（见图21）中，<p></p></P><P 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: 75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 7.5; mso-para-margin-left: 4.0gd"><v:shape><v:imagedata src="7.files/image043.jpg" title="21-1"></v:imagedata></v:shape><v:shape><v:imagedata src="7.files/image044.jpg" title="21-2"></v:imagedata></v:shape><p></p></P><P 220.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 21.0">图21  Legend Editor对话框<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 77.95pt">IV、          单击Classify按钮，在出现的Classification对话框中选择标准偏差Standard Deviation为分类类型，单击OK。<p></p></P><P 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 61.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.9; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd">提取的Flow Accumulation主题（见图22）显示了地面水系的分布状况。<p></p></P><P 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 61.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.9; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><v:shape><v:textbox style="MARGIN-TOP: 4.343pt; LEFT: auto; MARGIN-LEFT: 7.187pt; WIDTH: 357.218pt; TOP: auto; HEIGHT: 282.562pt; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1191"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TR><TD><DIV><P center" align=center><v:shape><v:imagedata src="7.files/image046.jpg" title="22"></v:imagedata></v:shape></P><P center" align=center>图22  提取水流累积量<p></p></P></DIV></TD></TR></TABLE></v:textbox><w:wrap type="none"></w:wrap><w:anchorlock></w:anchorlock></v:shape><p></p></P><P 18pt">4)   水网<p></p></P><P 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt">提取水网密度的步骤如下：<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 77.95pt">I、               从视图目录表中激活Flow Direction。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 77.95pt">II、            从【Hydro】菜单中选择【Stream Network as Line Shape】命令。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 77.95pt">III、          在出现的Stream Network对话框中输入计算水网密度的最小河流长度，其单位为栅格数。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 77.95pt">IV、          在Hydro.StreamNetwork对话框中选择水流方向Flow Direction主题，单击OK。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list 77.95pt">V、             生成新的主题Stream Network Shape即为水网密度分布图。<p></p></P><P 17.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt">不同的河流最短长度值所计算的水网密度如下图（见图23、图24）所示：<p></p></P><P 17.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt"><v:shape><v:textbox style="MARGIN-TOP: 4.343pt; LEFT: auto; MARGIN-LEFT: 7.187pt; WIDTH: 244.718pt; TOP: auto; HEIGHT: 203.406pt; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1189"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TR><TD><DIV><P><v:shape><v:imagedata src="7.files/image048.jpg" title="23"></v:imagedata></v:shape></P><P center" align=center>图23  最短河流长度为20提取的水网密度<p></p></P></DIV></TD></TR></TABLE></v:textbox><w:wrap type="none"></w:wrap><w:anchorlock></w:anchorlock></v:shape>    <v:shape> <v:textbox style="MARGIN-TOP: 4.343pt; LEFT: auto; MARGIN-LEFT: 7.937pt; WIDTH: 246.625pt; TOP: auto; HEIGHT: 203.406pt; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1190"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TR><TD><DIV><P><v:shape><v:imagedata src="7.files/image049.jpg" title="24"></v:imagedata></v:shape></P><P center" align=center>图24  河流最小长度为<st1:chmetcnv style="BACKGROUND-POSITION: left bottom; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(res://ietag.dll/#34/#1001); BACKGROUND-REPEAT: repeat-x" tabIndex=0 UnitName="米" SourceValue="100" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0" w:st="on">100米</st1:chmetcnv>提取的水网密度<p></p></P></DIV></TD></TR></TABLE></v:textbox><w:wrap type="none"></w:wrap><w:anchorlock></w:anchorlock></v:shape><p></p></P><P 18pt">5)   水流长度计算<p></p></P><P 20.15pt">提取水流长度的步骤如下：<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 77.95pt">I、               从视图目录表中激活Flow Direction。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list 77.95pt">II、            从【Hydro】菜单中选择【Flow Length】命令。<p></p></P><P 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 20.15pt">显示输出的Flow Length栅格主题（见图25）。<p></p></P><P 17.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 2cm; mso-char-indent-count: 5.4; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd"><v:shape><v:textbox style="MARGIN-TOP: 4.343pt; LEFT: auto; MARGIN-LEFT: 7.937pt; WIDTH: 248.125pt; TOP: auto; HEIGHT: 203.406pt; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1188"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TR><TD><DIV><P><v:shape><v:imagedata src="7.files/image052.jpg" title="25"></v:imagedata></v:shape></P><P center" align=center>图25  水流长度提取<p></p></P></DIV></TD></TR></TABLE></v:textbox><w:wrap type="none"></w:wrap><w:anchorlock></w:anchorlock></v:shape><p></p></P><P 18pt">6)   流域分析<p></p></P><P 16.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">采用水流方向和流水累积量数据生成Watershed数据的步骤如下：<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 77.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">I、               在视图目录中添加Flow Direction和Flow Accumulation。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 77.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left>II、            击活Flow Accumulation。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 77.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">III、          从【Hydro】菜单中选择【Properties】命令。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 77.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">IV、          在出现的Hydro Properties对话框（见图26）中输入计算所需的Flow Direction和Flow Accumulation主题。<p></p></P><P 68.25pt; mso-char-indent-count: 6.5; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><v:shape><v:textbox style="MARGIN-TOP: 3.593pt; LEFT: auto; MARGIN-LEFT: 7.937pt; WIDTH: 264.625pt; TOP: auto; HEIGHT: 94.187pt; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1187"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TR><TD><DIV><P><v:shape><v:imagedata src="7.files/image054.jpg" title="26"></v:imagedata></v:shape></P><P center" align=center>图26  Hydro Properties对话框<p></p></P></DIV></TD></TR></TABLE></v:textbox><w:wrap type="none"></w:wrap><w:anchorlock></w:anchorlock></v:shape><p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 77.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">V、             从【Hydro】菜单中选择【Watershed】命令。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 77.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">VI、          在出现的Watershed对话框中输入计算流域的面积（最少栅格数）。<p></p></P><P 77.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list 77.95pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none">VII、        生成Watersheds主题（见图27）。<p></p></P><P 78.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 7.5; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><v:shape><v:textbox style="MARGIN-TOP: 4.343pt; LEFT: auto; MARGIN-LEFT: 7.937pt; WIDTH: 242.125pt; TOP: auto; HEIGHT: 187.812pt; mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1186"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TR><TD><DIV><P><v:shape><v:imagedata src="7.files/image056.jpg" title="27"></v:imagedata></v:shape></P><P center" align=center>图27  提取Watershed<p></p></P></DIV></TD></TR></TABLE></v:textbox><w:wrap type="none"></w:wrap><w:anchorlock></w:anchorlock></v:shape><p></p></P><P 1.15pt"><B>四、</B><B>  </B><B>实习报告要求</B><B><p></p></B></P><P 53.85pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt">将所做工作以幻灯片形式做以汇报，内容包括原理、过程、结果。</P><P 1.15pt"><p> </p></P><BR always; mso-special-character: line-break" clear=all><P><p> </p></P>